This systematic review evaluated the effects of core training on balance in healthy older adults 60 years of age and older. Additionally, the effect of core training on fall prevention was explored. 11 trials were included (RCTs and single-group studies) with 443 older adults from multiple countries. Intervention consisted of core training for a least four weeks. Core training was defined as “traditional core exercise and Pilates-based core programs”.
The focus of core training includes enhancing the stability, coordination, and functional capacity of the abdominals, erector spinae, and iliopsoas. According to this study the effects of core training on older adults has a greater impact on balance and gait performance compared to younger adults likely due to lower balance baseline. Specific exercises and training parameters were not explicitly detailed in the review, making the operational definitions of the interventions unclear.
Balance outcomes were categorized into the following: static, dynamic, or combination. Dynamic balance was defined as the ability to maintain stability while moving through space, regardless of foot movement. Measures used in this study to objectively gauge dynamic balance include Gait Test, Functional Reach Test, and the Timed Get Up and Go. While static balance was defined as the ability to maintain an upright posture with bilateral foot contact on the ground. This was objectively measures using the balance board test and One-Leg Stance Test.
Core training was shown to significantly improve both dynamic and static balance. Sessions greater than 45min yielded greater improvements, most notably on performance of the Timed Get Up and Go. Regarding gait outcomes, traditional core training had more efficacy than Pilates-based training.
Limitations include small number of studies and smaller sample sizes, inconsistent risk for bias across trials, minimal evidence on long-term fall reduction, and heterogeneity in intervention pools.
Overall, the article concluded that core training significantly improves balance, markedly dynamic balance in older adults and it should be integrated into fall-prevention programs. Optimal dosage and long-term effects require further study.
Reference:
Zhong Y, Guo W, Chen P, Wang Y. Effects of core training on balance performance in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health. 2025;13:1661460. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1661460